Civil War Part 1

Describe how Lincoln’s election splits the Union:·
-Abraham Lincoln Who Had Previously Spoke Out Against Slavery Wins The Presidential Election Without Even Being On The Ballot In Most Southern States. Wins Cause Other Candidates Splits Votes, Also Shows Politics Split On Regional Lines.

Describe how the South reacts to the election of Lincoln:
-As Soon As Lincoln Was Elected, South Carolina Summoned A Convention And Seceded From The Union. In The Next Few Weeks Deep South States Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, And Florida Also Seceded.

Describe the founding of the Confederate government:
-The Seven States Join Together To Form Confederate States Of America.

Describe the breakout of the war at Fort Sumter:
- The South Was Suspicious Of Lincoln’s Intensions And Ordered Troops At Sumter To Surrender Which Fed Troops Refused So South Fired On Sumter. Sumter Made Both Sides Mad And Called For Volunteers To Fight Along With VA, Ark, Tenn, And NC Seceding From The Union.

Describe the Advantages of the North:
- Had Greater Population To Draw Troops From Industry In North Made Them More Prepared. Had Better Railroad To Move Troops And Supplies. Had Better Navy Vs South No Navy Allowing Blockades.

Describe the advantages of the South:
-The South Had Stronger Military Tradition And Leaders. The South Also Had Strategy Advantages- Knew Only Had To Fight Defensive War On Familiar Ground.

Describe Southern Strategies to win the war:
- Their Plan Was To Preserve The Army, While Doing Enough Damage To Erode North Will. Also They Got Military And Industry Support From GB And France To Supplement Lack Of.

Mexican American War Movie Questions

Directions: Watch the Movie Answer the Questions


1). How did the location of the Alamo make it important to both Santa Anna and the Texians and Tejanos?
-It wasn’t close to the Mexican capitals.

2). What effect did the battle at the Alamo have on Texas’s war for independence?
-It made Texas war on independence.

3). What was the significance of the Battle of the Alamo at the time, and what is its significance today?
-Remembering the Alamo.

Civil War Part 7

How did Lincoln’s death effect US?
-He was a symbol of freedom, a strong skilled leader.

Why did the North win the war?
-Greater tech prowess, larger population, abundant resources and great military leaders like Grant or Sherman and steady leadership of Lincoln.

How was the economy effected by the war?
-Land Grant College Act granting land for universities and institution of tariff to protect from foreign competition. And after 1865 North underwent sweeping Industrialization making US world power.

How was society effected by the war?

-Southerners returned home to find homes destroyed causing many to drift around South. African Americans in South experienced new hope with many Immigrating west to take advantage of land possibilities.

Civil War Part 6

What did Union do when came across African Americans early in the war?
-African American troops were either freed or put to work.

What is Emancipation Proclamation?
-Plan to free all slaves but needed victory in battle to guarantee support

Why does Lincoln issue proclamation?
-He hoped southern states would surrender before went into affect.

What effect does proclamation have?
-Had mixed reactions in North, but became turning point of war making war about slavery for North and made African Americans eager to join fight.

How African Americans participated in the war:
-Union began to include African Americans in Army, sarting with 54th Mass who led assault on Fort Wagner outside of Charleston

Describe Life in North during War:
-Textile industry was hurt because of loss of cotton, gov introduces income tax to pay for supplies that increases as war goes, also raised tariffs and sold bonds for money. Draft started, and Congress passed railroad expansion acts.

Describe Life in South During War:
-Lacked resources for economic demands, and Union blockades forced South to rely on own farms and factories which had trouble supplying military and population.

Describe Life of Soldiers during the War:
-Gave many first taste of travel and when not fighting filled time with cards, letter, and religion. Many died of infections from wounds treated by amputation.

Describe Life of Women during the War:
-Women took care of family business, farms, plantations, many helped out in camp with stuff like cooking and laundry and most were nurses.

Civil War Part 2

Describe the Push on VA and the Battle of Manassas:
-General Winfield Scott and Feds send troops under George McDowell to b attle Confederate forces outside of DC. And as Feds are trying to finish Southerners off General Jackson arrives and turns tide for South, gets nickname Stonewall for refusal to yield to Union.

Describe Lincoln and Jackson’s Actions after Manassas:
-Jackson takes his part of the Confed Army to the Shenandoah Valley in Western VA and wins a series of victories over North.

Describe the Battle of Shiloh:
-As Grant continued to push forward fought battle of Shiloh which horrified North and South.

Describe Lincoln and McClellan’s relationship:
-They both dislked each other.

Describe the Battle of Seven Days:
-Robert E Lee called on all his units including Stonewalls from the Shenandoah to meet the threat, and uses McClellan's cautiousness and defeats him.

Describe what happened directly after Seven Days:
-McClellan is removed from command and another part of the fed army begins. Lee sends units under Jackson to meet the threat and through maneuvers Jackson almost completely destroys North army with smaller force at 2nd Manassas.

Describe the Battle of Antietam:
-1862 around Antietam Creek, fought the bloodiest single day of Civil war, and after battle Lee returned his tired army to VA.

Civil War Part 3

Describe the Battle of Vicksburg:
-South had control of Vicksburg Miss and was a challange from all sides as Confed guns could rain fire on any boats on river and terrain around very difficult. Grant puts Vicks under siege, bombarding fort while cutting off supplies hoping Confeds eventually surrender.

Describe the Battle of Fredericksburg:
-Union took weeks to cross river, which allowed South to set up sound defense, and were meet and soundly defeated by Confeds who many were entrenched behind a stone wall.

Describe the Battle of Chancellorsville:
-Hooker takes chance and splits army up even more sending Jackson's units through woods to outflank Hooker, and with Lee's units taking most of the fire, Jackson was able to surprise Hooker, routing his troops and forcing them to retreat.

Describe Jackson’s Death:
-Jackson was severally injured by friendly fire and died a few days later.

Civil War Part 4

Describe why Lee makes the move to Gettysburg:
-Lee sencsed he had an opportunity to win international support, demoralize the Union, and perhaps to win the war.

Describe Gettysburg Day 1:
-On first day, confeds push Union down hill, through the town, and up on to a set of ridges and hills to the South of town.

Describe Gettysburg Day 2:
-Lee orders General Longstreet to attack from South end of battle line, but is met by Union force that mistakenly left Little Round Top. Fighting was fierce but Longstreet could not break throuigh.

Describe Gettysburg Day 3:
-Lee attacks Union with major cannon attack, then orders a full frontal assault on Cemetery Ridge. Better known as Pickett's Charge, Union cannon and musket mowed down Confeds and basically ended Gettysburg.

Describe the Gettysburg Address:
-Lincoln comes to Gettysburg and gives short speech honoring dead, described the war as struggle to fulfill the Dec of Independence.

Civil War Part 5

What two strategies does Grant use to win the war?
-Defeat Lee wherever he may be, and commit a total war, which meant he was also going to strike civilian population.

Describe how Grant takes it to Lee:
-Grant took control of Western Army himself and fought several brutal battles with Lee including the wilderness, Spotsylvania, and Cold Harbor.

Describe Sherman’s March to the Sea:
-He gained control in west and sets out to take war to people by marching from GA-Tenn border to Savannah.

Describe the Battle of Petersburg:
-Grant pushed Lee to Petersburg which is about 30 miles South of Richmond, and employs siege strategy at Petersburg and after several weeks of fighting Lee ordered retreat of Petersburg.

Describe Lee’s surrender:
-His exhausted troops became trapped at Appomattox Court House, and in April 9, 1865 Lee officially surrenders, but takes till June to get other scattered forces to surrender.

Describe the death of Lincoln:
-Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth during a play at Fords Theater in DC.

Mexican American War

Why was there tension between Mexicans and the American settlers to Texas?
-Settlers stayed Protestant and continued to use slavery.

Describe the Battle of the Alamo and why it was fought?
-To crush rebellion Santa Ana leads attack against small fort the Alamo

Describe Sam Houston’s defeat of Santa Ana:
-Texas defeats Santa Ana at Battle of San Jacinto and captures Santa Ana, then forced him to sign treaty that gave them more land thean traditional boundaries.

Describe the US’s annexation of Texas:
-Sam Houston promptly asks the US to annex Texas, the President at that time ( Jackson ) agrees but congress does not.

Describe how Polk provokes the Mexican’s into war:
-Polk endorsed Texas claim of all territory surrendered by Santa Ana inflaming border war, and sent troops into contested region waiting for conflict so he could declare war.

Describe the Military aspects of the Mexican American War:
-In the one sided war, US won every major battle including seizing New Mexico, California, Monterrey, Mexican Port Veracruz and Mexico City.

Describe what the US gets from the Treaty ending the Mexican American War:
-Gave US Texas with border at Rio Grande, Cali and New Mexico.

Seeds of Civil War Part 1

How did slavery expand in the 1800’s and how did slaves resist?
-The expansion of cotton production, resistence such as sabotage, breaking tools, and escaping.

Describe the abolition movement of the 1800’s including William Lloyd Garrison, The Grimke Sisters, and Fredrick Douglas:
-Lloyd began publishing abolitionist newspaper, the Liberator. The sisters saw it as immoral and spoke and wrote against it. Frederick was a former slave who's master was his father, and later became freed.

Describe the Missouri Compromise:
-Admitted Missouri as a slave state, and Maine as a free state.

Describe the Nullification Crisis:
-Congress adopts high tariffs to embarass Adams and John the VP opposed it.

Describe how the Mexican War brought the discussion of expansion and slavery to the forefront:
-New territories from war had to face whether territories would be free or a slave state.

Describe the Compromise of 1850:
-Based on proposals from clay which admitted California as a free state but let DC have slaves but not trade and imposed stricter fugitive slave laws.

Age of Jackson

Describe Jackson’s push and winning of the presidency:
-Became a strong critic of John Quincy Adams after losing election of 1824, he pushed an aggressive program of fed spending for improvements and science. He was a symbol of democracy.

Describe the Indian Removal Act:
-Congress passes Act to peacefully get Indians to trade land in South for Land in West.

Describe the Bank Crisis:
-Jackson and his supporters opposed because they saw it as being corrupt with special interest that favored the Rich. In 1832 congress voted to renew charter but Jackson vetoed calling it unauthorized by the Consti.

Describe the reaction to Jackson’s policies:
-When reelected weakened Federal Bank by withdrawing Fed funds from it, Jackson's attacks in the end weakened the economy.

Reform Movement

Describe the expansionist movement:
-Many Americans look at it as an opportunity to take land such as New Mexico, Texas and Cali.

Describe Manifest Destiny and what people used it to justify:
-Belief that god wanted US to own all of North America, and people expanded towards the west with this movement.

Describe the Temperance Movement:
-Drinking in moderation which many pushed for but some pushed for prohibition.

Describe the Abolition Movement:
-People opposed to slavery began to speak out against it on moral grounds.

Describe the Education Reform Movement:
-Reformers wanted to start public school system from tax money. Started with Horace Mann creating state board in Mass.

Describe the Reform Movement for Women’s rights including the Seneca Falls Conference
-Starts to change as women take role in religious and abolitionist movements. In 1848Elizabeth Cady Stanton and others organize first women’s rights convention called Seneca Fall Convention

Industrial Rev

Describe advances in road construction:
-Turnpikes which were toll roads were toll was a way to pay for rd improvements.

Describe advances in water transportation:
-The steam boat which made water transportations faster through powering paddles with steam. Also canal’s were built in order to connect farms with cities by water.

Why is the Eerie Canal important?
-The Eerie Canal connected Hudson River with Lake Eerie and funneled goods through NYC making it industrial center.

Describe advances in railroads:
-Cost less to build than ships, moved faster than ships, and could carry more weight.

Describe advances in industry including Samuel Slater:
-Built first water powered textile mill from memory.

Describe the inventions of Sam Morse and Eli Whitney:
-Sam Morse invented electric telegraph allowing communication over distances, and Eli Whitney invented Interchangeable Parts and the Cotton Gin.

Why did the Cotton Gin expand slavery?
-It increased slavery in order to pick the Cottons.

War of 1812

How does the US become involved in the war between GB and the French?
-During war from 1793 to 1807, US participated in re-export trade by picking up goods in West Indies, taking them to US, and then shipping them to France to circumvent British Shipping Restrictions.

Impressments
-At first Americans thought unfortunate impressments of sailor’s price of doing business but as went on many thought it insulted the US and threatened US economy.

What initial action does Jefferson take in war between GB and France to protect the US?
-In 1807 Jefferson persuaded Congress to declare and embargo or suspending of trade by ordering ships to stay in port.

Describe the Congressional Action that pushes the US to war:
-1809 Congress passes bills meant to resume trade with GB and France, but also pledged that if either recognized US neutrality, US would resume trading sanctions with other.

What does Madison ask Congress to do?
-Pres Madison urges Congress to declare war on GB.

Describe the initial actions of the US in the War of 1812:
-Jefferson becomes Madison advisor and urges invasion of Canada. So invaded in 1812 and 1813 several times but were turned away by a small British force and Indians, mostly due to their lack of training.

Describe US action along fronts other than the Canadian:
-Little US Navy performed well capturing several British ships, and US defeated British supported Indians within its own territory including a group led by Andrew Jackson that pushed into Florida.

What happens in the War when GB’s war with Napoleon ends?
-In 1814 with the defeat of Napoleon thousands of British troops became free to fight in North America, and British went on offensive in Maine, New York, Maryland, and New Orleans.

Describe the end of the war including the writing of the star spangled banner:
-British did capture DC and burned White House and Capital for arson in Canada but suffered defeat when moved on to Baltimore, where Scott Keys wrote Star Spangled Banner.

Territorial Expansion

Describe the Northwest Ordinance:
-Territory would have governor, secretary and three judges with freedom of religion, trial by jury, and rights of common law. Banned slavery in new states.

Describe Jefferson’s plan to expand the US:
-Jefferson wanted to expand Pacific even though colonist and Indians already there.He reasoned that he could buy territory from Napoleon, who controlled the land to the west.

Describe the Louisiana Purchase:
-With problems in the Caribbean, Napoleon agrees and sells territories in 1803.

Describe the Lewis and Clark Expedition:
-Sent by Jefferson, they were guided by an Indian Women named Sacagawea to explore territory.

Describe the Monroe Doctrine:
-Foreign policy saying Europe should not become involved in Latin American affairs.

A New Nation Part 1

Why did Congress want to revise the Articles of Confederation?
-Wanted Congress to have power to regulate trade and to be able to tax.

Describe the characteristics of the Constitutional Convention:
-Held in secret so delegates could speak freely. Windows closed for privacy making it hot and included statesman except Jefferson and Adams who were diplomats. Delegates were all white males, many wealthy lawyers.

Describe the VA Plan:
-Bicameral leg, states with bigger pop have more members and executive with 7 year term.

Describe the New Jersey Plan:
-Bicameral leg, gov has power to regulate trade and tax, by equal.

Describe the Connecticut Compromise:
-Gov having power to regulate trade and tax, Bicameral leg 1 by pop 1 equal and 1 executive.

Describe the 3/5 compromise:
-Slaves count 3/5 of person in pop count, and requires all states to return slaves to slave owners.

Am Rev Part 4

What factors lead to the Patriot’s win?
-British underestimated colonist, misunderstood political nature of conflict. Also the Patriots had good leadership and had help from France.

Describe the Battle of Yorktown:
-Washington marches army south to trap Cornwallis at VA, and with luck French navy arrived at exact time blocking British from evacuating army by sea.

Describe the Treaty of Paris and why the British got out after Yorktown:
-British people were fed up of war and in 1782 new leadership came to power in GB determined to make peace, and in 1783 Franklin negotiated the treaty of Paris with GB recognizing American independence.

Describe the impacts of the Am Rev:
-Spawning of two new nations called American Republic and Dominion of Canada, also Indians were forced to give up massive tracts of land because settlers pushed west into their land.

Am Rev Part 3

Describe Washington’s crossing of the Delaware including what the colonies achieved from it?
-Washington counter attacked crossing the Delaware and earning a small victory at the Battle of Trenton that helped uplift spirits.

Describe the Battle of Saratoga and what affect it has on the colonies:
-The British marched from Canada and they lost to the colonist which encouraged France to enter war and recognize American independence.

Describe the affect of the French entering the war:
-The sides became more equal also Spain entered as ally for France and provided aid and support from western territories.

Describe how the war unraveled for the British:
-After battles with heavy losses in NC and SC Cornwallis moves army into VA only to get into a trap.

Am Rev Part 2

Describe the British advantage at the beginning of the Am Rev:
-The British had better manufacturing and a established government.

Describe the Battle of Bunker Hill:
-British charged the hill three times under heavy fire taking damage taking the hill on the third try because colonist ran out of ammo.

Describe the British mistakes in the Am Rev:
-The British thought they were fighting a traditional war and the British angered the colonist further by hiring german mercenaries.

Describe Washington’s role in the Am Rev:
-Skillfully retreating when losing and saving army for another days battle, and allowed local militias to change minds and hearts of the colonist.

Describe how every day people helped with the Am Rev:
-Woman had to work harder then ever to give their husbands support and time for war.